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The Circulation of Elites: Pareto's Theory and the Political Landscape of Azad Jammu & Kashmir (Engr Dr Saaed Ahmed)

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  The figure above presents a visual illustration of the renowned theory of the Circulation of Elites , developed by the Italian sociologist and economist Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto (1848–1923). According to Pareto, history is essentially a continuous story of the rise and fall of competing elites. In every society, power, resources, and decision-making authority tend to remain concentrated in the hands of a relatively small group. What changes over time is not the existence of elites, but the identity of those who belong to them. In Pareto's view, a new elite emerges, acquires power, establishes institutions, and shapes the prevailing political and social order. Gradually, however, it becomes complacent, self-serving, and detached from the concerns of ordinary people. As this process unfolds, a new force begins to arise from within society, challenging the established elite and eventually replacing it. The cycle then starts anew. The essence of this theory can be captured in...
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The Same Fatal Gamble A Fictional Historian’s Reflection on Operation Barbarossa and the Epic Fury

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The Same Fatal Gamble A Fictional Historian’s Reflection on Operation Barbarossa and the Epic Fury
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Investing in Failures

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  Fresh and young minds generate Ideas. Finally, it is only the disruptive innovative idea that prevails, generated by creative minds. South Koreans trade for second-hand goods using 당근마켓 (Danggeoun or Karrot Market) only. The word 당근 means near you or carrot . Founded by two former employees of KakaoTalk in 2015, the Karrot, a unicorn startup, which facilitates a considerable subscriber base in Korea, won a lead in just a few years. Bearing the carrot logo, the success of Karrot-Market is founded on an idea termed the “6 Km Rule”. Tilling the mobile phone location, the “Karrot-Market” only encourages the people residing within a radius of 6KMs to trade. The six kilometers rule overpowered the flaws in the online business while enabling the users to avoid fraudulent online transactions and make sure the quality of the commodities they are purchasing in direct face-to-face. A tiny but innovative concept of constraining the distance, by exploiting the cell phone built-in user lo...
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A Simple Rule of Economics You Will Not Learn from the Top Ranking Universities of the World

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  Some guys are specialists in commerce, even they do not possess a certificate in economics.  Wrapped in a tattered cloak, dust-covered hair, wrinkled face, barefoot, poor sweeper with a half-burnt cigarette in his fingers, once said,  "While zigzagging and ambling the aircraft if a pilot crashes in a building, it is always economical to get the building repaired rather than chasing the pilot." In Urdu:   ا گر کوئی  آوارہ جہاز کسی  بلڈنگ وچ  وج  ووج  جاے تو بلڈنگ ریپئر کروا لیں ، ملزم کی تلاش بہت مہنگی پڑے گی  Moral: Intellect can not be characterized with the certificates earned from Howard, Stanford, MIT,  or DoD.
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Korean Liberation Day (Aug 15 1945)-End of Japanese Colonialism (Part-II)

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Taegukgi Wood Engraving Block, Korea 1919. (Etched on woodblock)   The  Korean independence movement  based on   military and diplomatic stratagems spans 36 years with dips and peaks. Remembered as 삼일 운동 (Sam-il), the March 1st Movement is one of the earliest public displays of Korean resistance. Thirty-three freedom fighters, ducking the colonial spies network, convened at Taehwagwan Restaurant in Seoul to read the Korean Declaration of Independence. Soon the Japanese colonists came to know about the declaration, mobilizing their machinery to crush the campaign. Consequently, the Korean leaders fleed to decamp into China. In 1919, Korean freedom fighters established a provisional government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai with the help of the National Government of the Republic of China. The Korean patriots strived for liberty for decades. Operating under the supervision of KPG, and assisted by the Chinese Military Council, the Korean Liberation Army led att...
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Korean Liberation Day (August 15, 1945) - End of Japanese Colonialism (Part-1)

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  The National Liberation Day of Korea is celebrated annually on 15 August in both South and North Korea . At the diner, he exclaimed in excitement, "Don't you know, coming Monday is the  Korean Red Calendar Day ."  He is happy about the day, coming after seven long days, I wondered. He stared at me with a sensation of restlessness. He expected me to join him in this excitement. He emphasized it again, " We are going to have an additional holiday on Monday." This time, I smiled to pretend similar feelings. However, I was still thinking about the significance of the coming Monday?  Yasir, our neighbor, enjoys every bit of life, unlike a researcher who always tries to find reason and logic. Then it evoked in my mind, "The National Liberation Day of Korea celebrated annually on 15 August in both South and North Korea.  It commemorates the victory over Japan's colonial rule of Korea that lasted from 1910-1945.   The historical relations between Japan and K...
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Who Lost in Afghanistan

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  Who Lost in Afghanistan A Humvee, being used as a local transport vehicle after capturing it from US Army In 1975 a US Army colonel told a Vietnamese colonel, “ You know, you never beat us on the battlefield.” The counterpart responded, “That may be so, it is also irrelevant.”   On 13 July 2021, Gen. Austin Scott Miller, the top U.S. general in Afghanistan stepped down, marking a symbolic defeat after 20 years of American military invasion in Afghanistan.   The invasion of Afghanistan took place on the 7th of October 2001 when the US and UK started ‘Operation Enduring Freedom’ with some 43 NATO allies and partners under the joint command of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). The US Government claimed that the invasion was in retaliation to the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York and Pennsylvania. They blamed the Taliban, ruling war-torn Afghanistan, for the attack. However, neither evidence of the involvement of the Taliban Govt was produced in any ...
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